第三人侵权造成工伤事故赔偿研究     

伍年华 《广东广播电视大学学报》2011,20(5):60-64

在工伤保险与民事赔偿这样不同的赔偿制度之间,目前国内外主要有选择模式、取代模式、兼得模式和补充模式四种基本模式,并在不同的时期发挥着不同的作用。随着社会的发展和法治进程的不断深入,应使受害职工能够及时、充分和公平地得到救济,同时让侵权人承担相应的法律责任,从而彰显法治精神的正义。  相似文献   

Is there really an eccentric action of the hamstrings during the swing phase of high-speed running? part I: A critical review of the literature     

Bas Van Hooren  Frans Bosch 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(23):2313-2321

It is widely assumed that there is an eccentric hamstring muscle fibre action during the swing phase of high-speed running. However, animal and modelling studies in humans show that the increasing distance between musculotendinous attachment points during forward swing is primarily due to passive lengthening associated with the take-up of muscle slack. Later in the swing phase, the contractile element (CE) maintains a near isometric action while the series elastic (tendinous) element first stretches as the knee extends, and then recoils causing the swing leg to forcefully retract prior to ground contact. Although modelling studies showed some active lengthening of the contractile (muscular) element during the mid-swing phase of high-speed running, we argue that the increasing distance between the attachment points should not be interpreted as an eccentric action of the CE due to the effects of muscle slack. Therefore, there may actually be no significant eccentric, but rather predominantly an isometric action of the hamstrings CE during the swing phase of high-speed running when the attachment points of the hamstrings are moving apart. Based on this, we propose that isometric rather than eccentric exercises are a more specific way of conditioning the hamstrings for high-speed running.  相似文献   

北京市男子大学生足球运动员运动损伤特征与风险因素筛查     

吴放  陈效科 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(7):56-62

摘要：目的：掌握北京市男子大学生足球运动员运动损伤的流行情况，对导致运动损伤发生的风险因素进行筛查，为进一步预防男子大学生足球运动损伤的发生提供依据。方法：应用方便分层抽样的方法，对参加北京市男子大学生足球联赛甲、乙、丙组的14所高校249名在校大学生足球运动员的损伤情况进行调查，应用T检验、单因素χ2检验与二元非条件logistic回归模型进行分析。结果与结论：充分了解了北京市男子大学生足球运动员的运动损伤现状和特征；筛查出为运动损伤发生的主要的风险因素；错误的技术动作、对手的粗野动作导致损伤发生的主要诱发事件。  相似文献   

南京市业余体校少年儿童短跑运动员运动损伤的调查与分析     

吴南怡  陆洪付 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(5):95-96,102

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计法等方法对南京市业余体校110名少年儿童短跑运动员运动损伤的调查与分析。结果显示：在少儿短跑运动中最易出现损伤的部位为踝、大腿、膝、小腿,损伤类型以关节损伤、肌肉和韧带拉伤、肌肉劳损居多,而这些损伤大多由于准备活动不充分、训练安排不合理、疲劳、技术动作不规范和某方面身体素质差引起的。建议：加强预防的同时强调训练的科学化,正确及时处理损伤并合理安排计划。  相似文献   

Acute fatigue negatively affects risk factors for injury in trained but not well-trained habitually shod runners when running barefoot     

Nicholas Tam  Devon R. Coetzee  Safwaan Ahmed  Robert P. Lamberts  Yumna Albertus-Kajee  Ross Tucker 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(9):1220-1229

Introduction: Many factors may contribute to running-related injury. These include fatigue and footwear, the combination of which has rarely been studied, in particular with reference to barefoot running, recently advocated as a method to reduce injury risk. Methods: Twenty-two runners (12 well-trained and 10 trained) participated in a 10?km fatiguing trial. Knee and ankle joint kinematics and kinetics and electromyography were assessed during overground running in the barefoot and shod condition. This was performed pre- and post-fatigue using a motion capture system and force platforms. Results: Initial loading rate increased in the trained runners when barefoot but not shod. Shod knee stiffness increased in both groups after fatigue, whereas barefoot knee stiffness decreased only in the trained group. A reduction in barefoot bicep femoris pre-activation was found in both groups. During stance, a reduction in vastus lateralis and biceps femoris and an increase in tibialis anterior activity were found over time in both groups and conditions. Trained runners decreased gluteus medius and increased lateral gastrocnemius median frequency for both conditions after fatigue. Conclusion: When fatigued, gait adjustments in habitually shod runners may increase injury risk when running barefoot. Training status may be a risk factor for injury, as less-trained runners experience muscular fatigue changes that may compromise ground reaction force attenuation. Caution is recommended when transitioning to pure barefoot running.  相似文献   

Misconceptions about traumatic brain injury among students preparing to be special education professionals     

Karen Hux  Erin Bush  Kelli Evans  Gina Simanek 《Support for Learning》2013,28(3):109-114

The researchers performed a survey study to determine the effectiveness of collegiate programmes in dispelling common misconceptions about traumatic brain injury (TBI) while preparing undergraduate and graduate students for special education (SpEd) careers. Respondents included 136 undergraduate and 147 graduate SpEd students in their final semesters before obtaining degrees. Each completed an 18‐item true/false survey about TBI and the associated recovery process. Results were compared with survey responses from 318 lay public respondents who participated in a previous study. Two major findings emerged: (a) no significant differences existed in misconception endorsement between SpEd students completing Bachelor's versus Master's degrees; and (b) graduating students in SpEd teacher preparation programmes endorsed similar misconceptions as lay public respondents; hence, these programmes do not appear effective in dispelling common TBI misconceptions. Improving academic preparation for special educators regarding TBI is imperative for effectively identifying, assessing and serving student survivors.  相似文献   

大学生体育运动风险研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

苏玉凤 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(9):11-11,13

本文运用文献资料、逻辑分析法从运动风险的判断、风险因素识别与评估、风险预防三个方面对国内外体育运动风险的研究进行归纳，分析其研究现状，并提出今后的研究发展趋势。  相似文献   

篮球运动中的常见损伤分析     

杜炜 《搏击·武术科学》2010,(3)

篮球运动产生的初期,是没有任何身体接触的,而且也是禁止身体接触的。但随着篮球运动的发展,观众要求的提高,比赛竞争性、对抗性的日益激烈,篮球比赛规则从身体不接触过渡到身体可以接触,进而成为了身体直接对抗。随之而来的就是比赛和训练中出现的各种运动损伤也不断增多。文章通过对日常和比赛中产生运动损伤进行分析,以加强防范措施,最大限度地减少或避免损伤,从而保证篮球的训练与教学的正常进行。  相似文献   

Bicycle rider control skills: expertise and assessment     

Borut Fonda  Nejc Sarabon 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(14):1383-1391

Abstract

Research on how human balance and control bicycles are inconclusive, largely due to the small number of participants in the previous studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that 1) cycling lateral deviation amplitude will reliably show differences between more and less experienced cyclists and 2) more experienced will exhibit slower and smaller steering motions compared to the less experienced cyclists. Twenty-eight experienced and inexperienced cyclists rode a bicycle in a straight line. Lateral deviation, steering and roll were measured. Intersession reliability of the deviation was high with Cronbach’s alpha values higher than 0.75. The amplitude, variability and rate of steering and roll parameters showed statistically significant differences between the groups. The test used in this study is sensitive to detect differences between more and less experienced cyclists and can be used for further research that aims to test the effect of a specific intervention addressing rider control. We also showed that steering and roll angle, which were described before as two of the main motor control actions in bicycle control, differ in the variability, amplitude and rate between more and less experienced cyclists. The results of the present study have practical implications for improving bicycle rider control and increasing the safety of cyclists.  相似文献   

《学生伤害事故处理办法》存在的问题分析   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

陈博 《体育学刊》2004,11(3):9-13

从我国现行法律法规角度出发,结合学校教育中学生伤害事故的具体情况,分析探讨了教育部《学生伤害事故处理办法》存在的几个问题。《学生伤害事故处理办法》部分条款条文的规定已超越其权限范围、不合理地规避公平责任和需进一步细化具体内容。建议：通过国家立法完善学生伤害事故处理的规范。  相似文献